^^Python. Built-in simple types.

Python Scalar Types

Type	Example	Description
`int`	`x = 1`	integers (i.e., whole numbers)
`float`	`x = 1.0`	floating-point numbers (i.e., real numbers)
`complex`	`x = 1 + 2j`	Complex numbers (i.e., numbers with real and imaginary part)
`bool`	`x = True`	Boolean: True/False values
`str`	`x = 'abc'`	String: characters or text
`NoneType`	`x = None`	Special object indicating nulls

Python integers

variable-precision, so you can do computations that would overflow in other languages; es 2 ** 100
division up-casts to floating-point type; es: 7/2 =3.5 (Python 3); 7//2=3

Python Floating-Point Numbers

can be defined either in standard decimal notation, or in exponential notation

1.06 or 106e-2 e or E.

An integer can be explicitly converted to a float with the


			float

constructor:

float(1)

1.0

ref: Floating point number.

>>> Strings, String Type. Python.

None Type. None is the sole value of the type NoneType

None-Type has only a single possible value: None.

None is used in many places, most commonly as the default return value of a function.

Es any function in Python with no return value is, in reality, returning None.

None frequently used to represent the absence of a value. built-in_constants

isinstance(x, type(None))  equi   x is None

ref: realpython/null-in-python

Boolean Type

The Boolean type is a simple type with two possible values: True and False, and is returned by comparison operators.

True and False are case sensitive, must be capitalized !

bool() object constructor constructs a boolean value

values of any other type can be converted to Boolean via predictable rules.

Es numeric type is False if equal to zero, and True otherwise:

bool(2014) >>> True

bool(0)    >>> False

For strings, bool(s) is False for empty strings and True otherwise.

reference/datamodel Special method names / 3.3.1. Basic customization

object.init(self[, ...])

Called after the instance has been created (by __new__()), but before it is returned to the caller. The arguments are those passed to the class constructor expression.

object.dict

A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an object’s (writable) attributes.

object.repr(self)

Called by the repr() built-in function to compute the “official” string representation of an object.