“The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has 
taken place.”
—George Bernard Shaw
Comunicazione informatica ≡ sistema di comunicazione informatica
ha (e' fatto da)
a tutti ci si rivolge con lo stesso nome; cio' puo' produrre confusione, specialmente per il principiante.
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface,   Serial Peripheral Interface 
Bus   
wp 
synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short-distance 
communication, primarily in embedded systems. 
Ex:  Secure Digital cards, liquid crystal displays. 
SPI devices communicate in full duplex mode using a master-slave architecture usually with a single master.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter wp
is a serial communications interface.
"universal" means that it can be configured to support many different specific serial protocols.
The term is generic, and does not represent a specific standard. At minimum it means that it has a TX and an RX line, which sends a serial data stream and receives a serial data stream.
RS-232 wp, Serial_port
A standard defining the signals between two devices, defining the signal names, their purpose, voltage levels, connectors and pinouts.
GPIO general purpose IO pin
USB Universal Serial Bus
Line_driver electronic amplifier for driving a load such as a transmission line for analog and digital signals. wp
FTDI Future Technology Devices International Limited, Scottish private semiconductor device company, specialising in USB technology.