^^Naming style. Descrittivo.

There are a lot of different naming styles.  It helps to be able to recognize what naming style is being used, independently from what they are used for.

The following naming styles are commonly distinguished:

b (single lowercase letter)

 

B (single uppercase letter)

 

lowercase

 

lower_case_with_underscores

 

UPPERCASE

 

UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES

 

CamelCase, camelCase

 

mixedCase, camelCase

 

Capitalized_Words_With_Underscores

 

_single_leading_underscore

 

single_trailing_underscore_

 

__double_leading_underscore

 

__double_leading_and_trailing_underscore__

There's also the style of using a short unique prefix to group related names together.

This is not used much in Python, but it is mentioned for completeness.  For example, the os.stat() function returns a tuple whose items traditionally have names like st_mode, st_size, st_mtime and so on. (This is done to emphasize the correspondence with the fields of the POSIX system call struct, which helps programmers familiar with that.)

The X11 library uses a leading X for all its public functions.  In Python, this style is generally deemed unnecessary because attribute and method names are prefixed with an object, and function names are prefixed with a module name.

In addition, the following special forms using leading or trailing underscores are recognized (these can generally be combined with any case convention):

Spiegazione

b (single lowercase letter)

 

B (single uppercase letter)

 

lowercase

 

lower_case_with_underscores

 

UPPERCASE

 

UPPER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES

 

CamelCase

Text that is formatted with InternalCapitalLetters. So named because of the bumpy look of its letters. or CapitalizedWords, or CapWords, or CamelCase, or CamelCase with first letter capitalized.

mixedCase, camelCase

differs from CapitalizedWords by initial lowercase  character! Also said: camelCase with first letter in lower case

Capitalized_Words_With_Underscores

ugly!

_single_leading_underscore

weak "internal use" indicator.  E.g. "from M  import *" does not import objects whose name starts with an underscore.

single_trailing_underscore_

used by convention to avoid conflicts with   Python keyword, e.g. Tkinter.Toplevel(master, class_='ClassName')

__double_leading_underscore

when naming a class attribute, invokes name   mangling (inside class FooBar, __boo becomes _FooBar__boo; see below)

__double_leading_and_trailing_underscore__

"magic" objects or   attributes that live in user-controlled namespaces.  E.g. __init__,   __import__ or __file__.  Never invent such names; only use them as documented.

Note: When using abbreviations in CapWords, capitalize all the letters  of the abbreviation.  Thus HTTPServerError is better than HttpServerError.